A map of the Ethereum ecosystem

Key services and tools across Ethereum, from L2s and DeFi to clients, research and privacy.

Layer 2

• Arbitrum: Optimistic rollup L2 with Arbitrum One and Orbit chains
• Optimism: Optimistic rollup behind the OP Stack and the Superchain
• Base: L2 built by Coinbase on the OP Stack
• ZKsync: ZK rollup L2 and the Elastic Network
• Starknet: ZK rollup powered by STARK proofs and Cairo
• Scroll: EVM-compatible ZK rollup
• Linea: zkEVM rollup built by Consensys
• Unichain: DeFi-focused OP Stack L2 by Uniswap

DeFi

• Aave: Decentralized lending and borrowing protocol
• Morpho: Lending protocol with isolated markets and vaults
• Pendle: Yield trading by splitting principal and yield
• Spark: Lending and savings protocol in the Sky ecosystem

DEX

• Uniswap: Largest DEX with AMM-based token swaps
• Curve: DEX specialized in stablecoins and pegged assets
• 1inch: DEX aggregator that finds optimal swap routes
• CoW Swap: MEV-protected DEX aggregator using batch auctions

Staking

• Lido: Liquid staking protocol issuing stETH
• Rocket Pool: Decentralized staking with permissionless nodes, issuing rETH
• ether.fi: Liquid restaking protocol issuing eETH and weETH
• EigenLayer: Restaking that reuses staked ETH to secure other services
• Obol: Distributed validator technology (DVT) for shared validators
• SSV Network: DVT-based network for running validators

Stablecoin · RWA

• Sky (Maker): Decentralized stablecoin protocol issuing DAI and USDS (formerly MakerDAO)
• Circle (USDC): Issuer of the USD-backed stablecoin USDC
• Ondo Finance: Platform tokenizing real-world assets such as US Treasuries
• rwa.xyz: Market data on tokenized real-world assets and stablecoins

Wallet

• MetaMask: The most widely used Ethereum browser wallet
• Rabby: Browser wallet designed for DeFi users
• Rainbow: User-friendly mobile Ethereum wallet
• Safe: Multisig smart contract wallet for DAO treasuries

Bridge

• Across: Fast intent-based bridge between L2s
• Stargate: Omnichain liquidity bridge powered by LayerZero
• Hop Protocol: Native token bridge for L2-to-L2 transfers
• Orbiter Finance: Low-cost cross-rollup bridge between L2s

Privacy

• Railgun: Zero-knowledge privacy system that shields balances and transfers
• Privacy Pools:
• Aztec: Privacy-first ZK rollup

Explorer

• Etherscan: Ethereum mainnet block explorer and analytics platform
• beaconcha.in:
• Blockscout: Open-source explorer with multi-chain support

Analytics

• Dune: On-chain data analytics and custom dashboards
• DefiLlama: DeFi TVL tracker and protocol comparison
• L2BEAT: L2 risk analysis and rollup Stage tracking
• growthepie: Usage and fee metrics for Ethereum L2s
• ultrasound.money: Real-time ETH issuance, burn and supply tracker
• Ethereum Adoption:

Client · Infra

• Geth: Execution client written in Go
• Nethermind: Execution client built on .NET
• Besu: Execution client written in Java
• Erigon: Storage-efficient execution client
• Reth: Execution client written in Rust by Paradigm
• Lighthouse: Consensus client written in Rust by Sigma Prime
• Prysm: Consensus client written in Go by Offchain Labs
• Teku: Consensus client written in Java by Consensys
• Nimbus: Lightweight consensus client written in Nim
• Lodestar: Consensus client written in TypeScript by ChainSafe
• Client Diversity:
• ethPandaOps: EF team running testnets, devnets and network tooling
• Flashbots: MEV research and infrastructure such as MEV-Boost

Research · Governance

• Ethereum Magicians:
• ethresear.ch: Ethereum protocol research forum
• Ethereum PM:
• Forkcast: Core dev call (ACDE/ACDC) summaries and per-fork EIP status
• Ethereum TV:
• EIPs: Official repository of Ethereum Improvement Proposals
• ethereum.org 로드맵:
• Protocol Guild:
• Etherealize: Project helping institutions adopt Ethereum

dev-tools

• Foundry: Fast Rust-based smart contract toolkit
• Hardhat: Ethereum dev environment for testing, deploying and debugging
• Remix IDE: Browser-based Solidity IDE
• viem: TypeScript interface library for Ethereum
• OpenZeppelin: Audited smart contract library and security audits
• Scaffold-ETH 2:
• Tenderly: Smart contract debugging, simulation and monitoring

NFT · Identity

• ENS: Ethereum Name Service for .eth names
• OpenSea: Marketplace for NFTs and tokens
• Zora: Creator coins and onchain media platform

Recommended Twitter (X) accounts

• Ethereum (@ethereum): Official Ethereum account
• Ethereum Foundation (@ethereumfndn): Ethereum Foundation, protocol and ecosystem support news
• ethereum.org Community (@ethdotorg): Ethereum portal built by the global community
• Protocol Guild (@ProtocolGuild)
• ethPandaOps (@ethpandaops): Testnet, devnet and fork readiness updates
• L2BEAT (@l2beat): L2 risk and Stage analysis
• Etherealize (@Etherealize_io)
• Etherscan (@etherscan): Block explorer with on-chain insights and tool updates
• Vitalik Buterin (@VitalikButerin): Ethereum co-founder sharing protocol vision
• Tim Beiko (@TimBeiko): Ethereum Foundation, coordinates core dev calls and upgrades
• Justin Drake (@drakefjustin): Ethereum Foundation researcher, long-term roadmap
• Hsiao-Wei Wang (hww.eth) (@hwwonx): Co-Executive Director of the Ethereum Foundation
• ETH Daily (@ETH_Daily)
• ⟠ Ryan Berckmans (@ryanberckmans): Ethereum community member and ETH investor
• Luca Donno (donnoh) (@donnoh_eth)
• Barnabé Monnot (@barnabemonnot): Ethereum Foundation researcher, protocol economics and incentive design
• Matt Garnett (lightclient) (@lightclients): Geth core developer, execution layer EIPs such as EIP-7702
• Georgios Konstantopoulos (@gakonst): CTO at Paradigm, building Reth and Foundry
• Trent Van Epps (@trent_vanepps)